Conceptual Understanding on Paradigms

Paradigms act as axioms for our perception and interpretation of everything surrounding us.

A paradigm is essentially a model that dictates the way we interpret our surroundings, like a foundation for our experiences, values and beliefs to grow from. Much like how in maths there are initial axioms such as 1*a=a and from these we can build rules and formulae that allow us to tackle far more complex problems yet the foundation is always in the simple typically well-known axioms. In psychology paradigms are studied under a different name, they are referred to as schema and are defined as mental maps some of which are inherited with our culture and religion and others that are developed over time due to our upbringing, education and personal experiences. A key discovery is that when we have witnessed something that aligns with one of our many schema we tend to give it undue importance and view it as far more solid and irrefutable evidence that our paradigms/schema are correct than it truly is, through this process we strengthen our resolve in our paradigm and are more certain of its accuracy leading to more well-established stereotypes and viewpoints. However we also tended to ignore or disregard evidence that wasn’t in accordance with our paradigms and didn’t align with our schema, this led to what in many cases was a fact or an occurrence being disregarded as fake or unfounded when in truth there was nothing inaccurate about it. The former discovery was present in the film we watched during the first day of school 12 Angry Men, there was a man who clearly had racist views but he saw the fact that the boy was coloured as evidence that proved he had definitely committed patricide as it aligned with his paradigm that coloured people were wild and violent although it was unfounded and his skin colour did not prove or disprove his involvement in the crime.

An example in my life where there has been an argument based off of a paradigm which I didn’t see initially is my mother and I arguing about whether or not I should take a gap year. I believed I should and that there is no harm in it as it allows me more time to figure out what exactly I want to study and gain some work experience as well as reobtain my British passport so I don’t have to pay international fees. However, my mother has a paradigm where taking a gap year will cause people to fall out of the studying rhythm and that they will never go to university causing them to be disadvantaged. My mother’s paradigm was based on negative experiences her friends and her sister had after taking a gap year or long break in their studies, however, this wasn’t known to me during the argument and if it had been the conversation may have gone differently. The conflicting element was that both of our paradigms were formed on the experiences people have had on gap years yet the ones I had encountered were largely positive and the ones my mother had encountered were largely negative.

2 CUs on perception

Our perception is how we interpret the world however it is not necessarily an accurate interpretation of our surroundings.

Optical illusions are a very common trick to see all around us and we usually don’t think very much of them other than woah that was weird, however they illustrate a very important concept that what we see is not necessarily the same as what we interpret of it and that these interpretations are not universal. For example, in the presentation about perception we saw an optical illusion where you either saw an image of a young woman or one of an old woman and after you saw both it became very easy to switch between them. Initially, people only saw one or the other image which shows how they interpreted the same drawing in different ways, which became especially interesting when we discovered that the students tended to see a young woman whereas the teachers tended to see an old woman because of the age difference between the two groups of people. This can have very important real-life impacts as people see the same scenario but can interpret it in very different way switch can be why in many court cases we get conflicting witness testimonies as everyone is seeing life through their perspective which is a lens that affects what we perceive our surroundings and events to be. This shows that if we all don’t interpret our surroundings in the same ways some interpretations must be inaccurate as there is only one ‘true’ version there aren’t different ‘truths’ depending on who percieved the action and their interpretation of it.

Our perception is an explanation of our surroundings based on what we place importance on.

We don’t register everything in our surrounding as we deem it unimportant and focus our attention and energy on the more meaningful things happening around us e.g. in a classroom setting you usually don’t register the noise of the AC or the feeling of your feet on the floor as you’re focused on what the teacher is saying/doing rather than these other factors. However, just because you don’t register the AC or your feet on the floor does not mean they are not part of your surroundings but they are insignificant as they are unimportant in comparison to the other things happening around you such as the teacher teaching. Therefore they don’t play a role in your brains explanation of what is happening or happened during that class as they are unnecessary and irrelevant details. Another example of this could be in the videos we watched in class where we were focused on counting the number of throws between people in a certain colour shirt (white or black) so we gave the most importance to this task in the video and our brains disregarded any other information that didn’t seem useful or needed to effectively complete this task. For example, until it was expressly pointed out some people didn’t see a gorilla enter the frame however most noticed when one of the people left as they were given importance because they are catching and throwing the ball. As we were focused on the people and what is moving in the frame the gorilla wasn’t disregarded by everyone’s perception however elements that had no impact on the passing of the ball such as the curtain gradually changing colour was missed by everyone. This means that our brains created an explanation of the video which didn’t involve the curtain changing as that wasn’t given importance as it had no bearing on the task we were focused on completing.