An example of a manipulative piece of art is the Soviet Montage Theory. Sergei M. Eisenstein contrasted an image of a man with a coffin, a man with a bowl of soup, and a man with a lady laying suggestively. The reactions from the audience claimed that the man looked sad, hungry, and lustful respectively to the situations, they applauded him with his ability to express so much emotion. In reality, the image of the man was the exact same every time. This is using montage as a motivation to convey emotion and motivate edits to allow for one to feel like they connect with the emotions felt on screen.

The Shepard’s Tone is an auditory illusion that seems to continuously rise and rise though it doesn’t. It consists of three scales, an octave apart, where the highest decreases in volume, and the lowest increases in volume, whilst the middle one stays the same.

One that goes against any manipulation is Andy Warhol’s everything. His message was, “in the future, everyone in the world will be famous for 15 minutes,” and his art was taken at face value. The man wanted to prove that there didn’t need to be a deeper meaning for the art to be ridiculously popular. His famous Campbell Soup Cans are so iconically him and there is no reason to it. Warhol even made a film called “Sleep” that features five hours and 20 minutes of John Giorno sleeping. Painstakingly pointless and still existent.

Religious knowledge is often based on a spiritual being with historical roots based on a higher power; this knowledge can be disputed amongst the masses but individual experiences define individual religious beliefs whether widely proven or not.

Historical knowledge relies on the recounting or retelling of prior events, especially in the time periods before the invention of the camera. There are many different means of recording, through writing or the spoken word, and so could distort over generations and so vary on reliability.

Knowledge in instinct roots in evolution. The natural drive to survive created different means of doing so and as such allowed those with the primal intuition to survive as animals; however, as we develop as humans those instincts remain and are oftentimes present in situations where they are not needed and act with more harm than good.