Happily Divorced

Happily Divorced (episode 6) – Esther Perel

 

  1. Focus on a Central idea 

 

 Esther Perel uses these elements in her podcast really well as she shows clearly what she is trying to address to the audience both directly and indirectly through this podcast analysing the situation of the couple who thinks that they are actually divorced but they are not intellectually. 

21:00 “. You’re a LAT. You live apart, but you are together. You could say, “We are divorced,” or you could say, “We have a new marriage” 

3:30 “Confrontation. Even though I’m a litigator and I confront personally” one of the main reasons that led to their divorce and avoidance from the husband when the wife was trying to make the relationship stronger. 

In addition, through her divorce she didn’t want her son to experience the same thing that the she had to experience when her parents divorced when she was 10 years old. both of them wanted to put their son’s needs above their own “13:00 When we divorced, it was very important to me to make sure that our son was not dragged into the middle of it because our problems or our issues are ours and not his. I think it’s worked. Like I said, he’s a very good father.”

 

  1. Play to the audience 
  • Esther Perel knows her audience well and her analysis of the situation brings them together. On the other hand, her podcast also refers to most of the audiences in America who are also middle class and are around 30 -40 years old ’s situation and how to analyse them
  • 22:30 “Mexican-American, and we grew up Catholic. It has a particular effect when you use the word marriage.” 
  • In America only a quarter of the population believe that actual monogamy is not realistic but they also know that marriages can’t be warm and fuzzy all the time. On the other hand jealousy and poverty being one of the most real dampeners. This fact is also shown in the podcast of the couple as well. For example in “10:30 “He’s very concerned about wanting to be financially responsible” “27:00 First, you would’ve complained, “We can’t afford it,” when Esther mentioned that one of the reasons was him being jealous of her when she got talk with her mother while he did not as he mother passed away “39:00 The real thing was he was jealous
  1. Regular schedules
  • Esther Perel’s season 3 podcast starting with episode 1 (young love) which started in October 10 2019 , 2 (A small town affair in Oct 17 2019), 3 (The other women in Oct 24 2019), 4(The romantic revival in Oct 31st 2019), 5(Mom and Monique Nov 7 2019 ) and 6 (Happily divorced in Nov 14 2019 ) where all podcasts were scheduled to air on the Thursdays  of the week. 

 

  1. Show Structure
  • She starts the conversation by understanding their situation first so that she can analyse it as they talk “00:30 I always ask people why they choose to come and share their story with me. Particularly in this couple, I was intrigued.”
  • She then slowly moves into what was problematic and how it started; speaker 1 3:30 “That’s right, I’m avoidant.” “Confrontation. Even though I’m a litigator and I confront personally.” 
  • Esther Perel then tries to know about why they are like that which relate to their past, especially the wife as she says that she doesn’t want her son to experience the same thing that she had experienced before when her parents divorced and how it affected her. 12:30 “When we divorced, it was very important to me to make sure that our son was not dragged into the middle of it because our problems or our issues are ours and not his. “
  • as they talk about their past experiences and how it affected both of them, it even led to one of the reasons for why the husband was being confronted and ignorant most of the time with her. The reason was her mother “ How dare you talk to your mother every day when I can’t? Not just I can’t because my mother is dead, but even if I did, I would never know if I would have a good day or a bad day with my mom. How dare you have such a wonderful time” —> 38:00 “. I was so resentful of her mother, and the thought of going down there and being subsumed in all of that. She has this family. She has all of this. I just have the memories of a mom who was simultaneously really great, and sacrificed, and all of it but carrying around all of the other stuff.”
  • Towards the end of the conversation, Esther Perel makes a judgement about the couple (is typical of Esther Perel podcast) “48:30. I think these people finally have the relationship that they both would want.”

 

  1. authenticity
  • From my point of view, the couple’s situation and how Esther analyses their situation by asking them questions seems authentic as it is based on reasons and experiences from both the parties. If the opinions of the couples; while sharing their reasons for the divorce were not really related then I would say it is less authentic 

……..(not so sure)

 

Essay Outline

External factors → change religion → changing culture → affects identity 

Concept: culture (change in the culture directly affects change in the identity)

Line of Inquiry: How does Marjane Satrapi show the change in culture in Persepolis? 

Thesis

  1. Religious and governmental power affecting culture 
  2. Change in Society values and beliefs affecting culture 
  3. Change in person itself both internally and externally due to different factors 

 

Topic sentence A: people were forced to wear the veil in their daily lives after the Islamic revolution started which completely changed their lives (culture and religion) and their identity in the society. 

Support A1: Marjane’s real self (with veil)  and her ideal self (without the veil) 

Support A2: marjane as a child used to believe in god and is really religious unlike her parents. This is important to marjane herself as it shows the understanding of herself. However, when she was around 10, the Islamic revolution started → private religion vs organized religion 

Support A3: Abandoning her faith → she was deeply immersed into the war

Mini-conclusion – different external factors can change one’s culture and identity easily with power 

 

Topic Sentence B: People around Marjane; especially herself, was influenced by the people around them who had different beliefs, values, lifestyle and cultural background 

Support B1:  taking away freedom, individual rights, justice and safety in society 

Support B2:changing her identity after she was exposed to different cultures in her surrounding → Austria 

Support B3:   women were mostly looked down upon by the fundamentalists. If they didn’t wear their veil, they were told that they would be sexually assaulted. 

 

 

Topic Sentence C: Mental struggle due to sudden change in cultural environment and feeling unconnected 

Support C1: torn between the modern part of herself and her religious part of herself 

Support  C2: accepting her culture and nationality but had to follow the organized culture at the end

Support  C3:  inner conflict; because she was influenced by various western cultural backgrounds, it made her incompatible with society constrained by Islamic traditions and consequently led to her.

 

Conclusion:

Restated thesis: change in political control and religion, change in society values leads to change in personalities and identities of individuals. 

Insight :  One’s culture is created by external factors due to power dynamics  which affects internal personalities and beliefs in their own culture. It depends on the type of people that we are surrounded by and exposure to different cultural backgrounds.

IO Essay – Persepolis

Line of inquiry –  How does Marjane Satrapi show the change in culture in Persepolis? 

The graphic novel “Persepolis” by Marjane Satrapi set between the years 1976 and 1994 during the time of the Iranian Revolution, was really chaotic at that time as everything was changing due to the revolution. The people of the country  drastically changed from living as westernised citizens to religiously oppressed people. Marjane Satrapi was only nine years old when the Islamic Revolution started in 1979 where they reintroduced a religious state in Iran.Though she was influenced by western culture that she received from her parents, she still believed in God and trusted him unlike her parents. However, her perception about god changes completely due to different cultural backgrounds that she experiences when she goes to Austria. Furthermore due to governmental and religious power, it led to change in their cultural beliefs and values in the society. Her life changed dramatically under the new regime and they were downtrodden by Muslim fundamentalists who took power. Marjane wrote Persepolis, a graphic novel based on how she spent her childhood in Iran and changes she faced living in another country. 

The book being a graphic novel helps Marjane to target the younger generations and help them understand the importance of preserving culture and identity, regardless of external factors. The use of flashback and first point of view effectively portrays the reality that the author had faced as she grew up experiencing different cultures and challenges. Also, a more personal approach is used in order to convey the sorrowful impact of war on freedom. In most parts of the book, including my chosen text (page 131), the angle is eye level and it puts the audience on the same level as the character so that readers can easily understand the author’s situation. On the other hand, the author wrote the book in graphic form where she uses frames of drawing with minimal use of texts and styles; all in black and white as the novel expresses her childhood experiences which was in the past and the use of six – eight panels on a page, so her targeted audience can easily understand. Artistic drawings are also important as the texts in the novel as it shows the culture and the context of that time. However, the images give an overview and understanding of the text and encourages the children (target audience) to read the whole book.

The culture, lifestyle, religion and political factors of the country gradually changed as a result of the Islamic Revolution. Islamic veil symbolises oppression and the limitations imposed on religious people. Thus, in the novel, everyone was not only forced to wear the veil, but also have to follow the Islamic religion and be religious though they are not.  The change in their religion changed their culture as what they believe, value and celebrate changed into something they aren’t used to. However, Marjane doesn’t take it seriously most of the time and she often wears the veil in an inappropriate way. For example page 131 (figure 1) , she wears her denim jacket with Michale Jackson button and her headscarf. She even had two posters of western pop singers in her room which were strictly forbidden in Iran during the revolution. This highlights her desire for freedom of dressing and her rebellious state going against the authorities. On the same page, the second row is medium shot and it focuses on the characters interactions and her dialogues. We can clearly identify her western clothes and shoes but she also wears the veil on her head with her some hair in the front. This shows the mixture of culture that the author is facing and she doesn’t know which culture and religion she should actually follow; the organised islamic culture or her private western culture. Keeping her hair loose in the front shows her position and attitude towards the veil. The first row and the last two pictures of third row is a long shot and it stresses the surroundings of the main character with western posters and her mother in the background. Her mother also wears clothes that do not cover her legs which highlights the family’s desire of escaping oppression.

At the beginning, Marjane talks about religion and her interest in becoming a prophet. Deep down, she was really religious and believed in god contrasting with the modernised views of her parents which has some influence on Marajne’s beliefs(page 6) figure 3. The part where Marjane is internally religious and the external religious oppression happening around her portrays religion as either good or bad. Religion is one of the motifs shown throughout the book and it shows the importance of the author’s understanding of her identity and which religion she should follow exactly and whether she still wants to become a prophet. However, after they reintroduced the religious state in Iran,  everything changed and Marjane was exposed to a different cultural and religious background which changed her perspective completely.  

In Persepolis, one’s physical appearance becomes pivotal. Since women were forced to wear  the veil, Marjane was unhappy with the way she had to dress causing the feeling of being imprisoned and oppressed. Page 302 (figure 2) shows how much she is being constricted by the new regime and the loss of her individual freedom. She had to be really careful and always think about how much makeup she can put and whether her clothes are covering all parts of her body. She could no longer ask for her freedom and rights. Thus, in the image she walks away, leaving her second thoughts behind. These factors changed their Iranian culture which eventually led to change in their own identities and behaviours towards the society.  The changes in their lives represent the external social phenomenon, while their psychological reactions show the tension, anxiety and unrest triggered by the social disruptions. This also reflects how the revolution influenced peoples’ interiority and identities.

It was not safe in Iran anymore. Those who did not obey the new regimes were systematically arrested and executed; fake votes were made for the acceptance of the new Islamic culture and people were taken to the prison. There was no justice in the society.  The change in society’s values and beliefs due to politics completely changed the culture of Iranians. In addition to that, all the universities were shut down in order to open new universities with all the Islamic system and curriculum. The government recruited Islamic teachers at schools; children were taught how to pray in Islamic religion and they were forced to mourn for the dead people at the war by beating on their chest twice a day. Iran’s school systems were slowly changing into Islamic system. On the other hand, those women who do not wear their veil properly were told that they will be sexually assaulted by the beard men of Islam and throw them into the garbage. Marjane’s parents got worried about her so they sent her to Austria to study and live there safely. However, this changed her completely as she was exposed to different cultural backgrounds. 

Marjane was open to the various cultural backgrounds and she made friends with different people who had different perspectives and lifestyles. She also stayed in several frustrating relationships which brought her to change her own personality just to fit into that society and be loved by her people around her.  While her friends had sex and kisses with many boys which was a normal thing in their culture. Marjane gets culture shock as she spent more time in Austria with her friends since she came from a very preserved family in Iran. She tries to change herself and follow their culture which is not hers. At the end, Marjane dives into an unexpected path and gradually loses herself. 

Though Marjane was physically free in Austria, she was never internally free. She was anxious and worried about her family in Iran. Due to the revolution, Iran was collapsing and slowly coming under Islam where Marjane thinks that she is also losing her Iranian culture and identity. Thus, Marjane started lying to her friends about her nationality. On page 195, she pretends to be French in front of her other friends and says that “to be Iranian was a heavy burden to bear”. She realizes what her grandmother told her about being true to yourself and keeping your dignity and feels guilty for distancing herself intentionally from her Iranian culture and identity. Marjane doesn’t really accept her true identity unless she finds people judging and talking bad about her identity in a cafe. On page 197, she shouts at them “I AM IRANIAN  AND PROUD OF IT!” all in capital letters with an exclamation mark at the end, where she accepts her Iranian identity completely. Though she accepts her identity as Iranian, her culture changed. She had to follow the organised Islamic religion and culture in Iran, whereas, she followed her free culture in Austria where there were no restrictions and limitations. 

In conclusion, through Persepolis, Marjane intends to remind the readers of the precarity of survival in political and social situations. The external factors like religion, politics, society values can change one’s culture, thus the author intends to empower women and remind the readers that we cannot change the truth or things that are created by superiors but being true to ourselves no matter how the situation changes is what is important to every individual. 

 

      

   

Figure 1                                                                       Figure 2

 

Figure 3

 

Page 131

IO PLANS

what to do while preparing for the real IO.

  • Bringing in new perspective and explanation- strong points 
  • Provide evidence when you are explaining 
  • Prioritise your points – which point to speak first 
  • Clear connection to the global issue- both lit and non-lit
  • Explanation and understand the text clearly before thesis statement 
  • Balance between the texts (4 mins each)
  • Going depth in one or two specific global issue not the whole GI- like eg: identity, communication and culture; you don’t have to talk about all of them but just focus on one and other one as supporting the main one. 
  • Work and brainstorm with the people who are doing the same body of work as you
  • Choose only 40 lines of literature text
  • Never repeat the points 
  • Make the connections clear for yourself
  • Chose the text that are related to each other (both literature and non-literature); that has both the same global issues and concept
  • The global issue should make sense to both literature and non-literature. 
  • Chose the text where you think that you can finish the elaboration in 10 minutes. Do not choose broad topics or texts 

Outline of IO– Real IO Practise

 

Global Issue

Highlight one below

  • Culture, identity, and community 
Refined / Focused Global Issue
to what extent is  identity affected by external factors such as society and power? 

Thesis statement 

  1. religious and governmental  power affecting identity  
  2. society values affect identity 
  3. identity is created by external factors
Texts Chosen
Literature Text Persepolis by Marjane Satarapi
Non Literature Text Social media campaign Dove#speakbeautiful
Notes for the Oral

(maximum of 10 bullet points)

Non- Literature

  • dove soap was emerged from product development research into ways of treating burn victims during WWII. the brand is committed itself to help women realise their personal beauty potential by creating products that deliver real care. 
  • 82 percent of women surveyed feel the beauty standards set by social media are unrealistic and 4 out of every 5 negative tweets about beauty and body image are written by women critiquing themselves. this reveals the fact about how beauty is reflected to women on social media. Urging every woman to  join Dove and Twitter to turn negative tweets to positive one
Non-Literature Text (maximum of 3 bullet points)

  1. 1. Targeting women of all ages.  2. Dove and Twitter worked together to inspire behavioural change and ignite a cultural shift in beauty conversation on social media by encouraging women everywhere to #speakbeautiful. 
  2. The font size. Medium shot; blurring out the background and eye level; puts the audience on the same level as what is being described on the screen. 
  3. The colour of the text and background. – combination of brand and social media shows how one who is filled with hatred about her own appearance can free herself by getting support from Dove 
Literature Text (maximum of 3 bullet points)

  • The author was 9 years old when it started. the Islamic revolution started, Muslim Fundamentalist took power. → The text was set b/w the years 1979-1994 and the people of Iran drastically changed from being a western influenced citizens to a religiously oppressed people 
  • The text mainly focuses on how the identities and cultures of the Iranians were affected due to political and religious power + society values 
  • The author targets the younger generations and she write the novel in flashback in first point of view.– More personal approach is also used by the author in order to convey a deep sorrow of war and losing freedom
  •  the symbol of Veil; in Persepolis, one’s physical appearance becomes pivotal and the author also becomes really stressed by the way she looked because no one wanted her or ever loved her properly
  •  the first row is medium shot; angle is eye level;  the second and third row is a long shot with low angle. the low angle also gives the audience a sense that they are sharing the character’s perspective, so here the main character is not speaking but she is really thinking deep inside and looking up.

 

 

 

Preparation IO Written

 

Global Issue: to what extent is  identity affected by external factors such as society and power? 

Culture, Identity and Community

Thesis statement:

  1. religious and governmental  power affecting identity  
  2. society values affect identity 
  3. identity is created by external factors

Texts chosen

Literary choice:  Persepolis 

Non-literary choice: social media campaign  dove link

 

  • Need to discuss Persepolis as a whole
  • How does the chosen extract relate to the whole book→ like how did it for the veil.
  • eg: Persepolis is not about war but it is about how people were impacted by the political power and how they changed their identity

Non Lit– how does this video relate to all other rest of the advert by Dove and Twitter like how #speakbeautiful relates to #realbeauty and other adverts …

conclusion – “to conclude, both the texts…”

Introduction—  I will be analysing my  Literature text Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi page 213 and my non-literature text Social Media Campaign #speak beautiful by Dove. both the texts  shows the importance of identity, being proud of who you are and listening to our hearts. so I came up with my thesis question “to what extent is  identity affected by external factors such as society and power?” 

Answer to your global question 

In both texts, people have been influenced by the external factors like religious and governmental power, society values; that made them forcefully change their identity just to fit into society and be loved but it depends on the individuals whether they want to push back the external factors that is making them change their identity or accept the factors that is pushing you to change your own identity and create one that does not show who you are and being the fake one never brought happiness nor trust. 

 

Non- literature link here

 context of the author: 

  • dove soap was emerged from product development research into ways of treating burn victims during WWII and the 1950s, it was finally launched by Unilever in the United States as a moisturising soap. this shows that beauty and skin care was given importance since world war 2. the Dove brand was found by Lever Brothers in 1957 and till now they have  used real women whose weight and looks were not typical for beauty- industry advertisement. dove has consistently shown interests in supporting women’s issues like self esteem and confidence. thus this has brought them respect and brand loyalty. the brand is committed itself to help women realise their personal beauty potential by creating products that deliver real care. 

 context of the text-

  • according to Dove’s research 82 percent of women surveyed feel the beauty standards set by social media are unrealistic and 4 out of every 5 negative tweets about beauty and body image are written by women critiquing themselves. this reveals the fact about how beauty is reflected to women on social media.the advert is trying to break beauty stereotype like any other campaigns by dove for example #Real beauty and encourage them to use more positive online language and habits. it aims to fill twitter with messages of support and positivity. Also, the ad is urging women everywhere to join Dove and Twitter to turn negative tweets to positive one.  however, some people feel that the ad was outstandingly bad and wasn’t effective compared to #Real Beauty as it presumes highly intimate one-to -one relationship with women who didn’t want anything to do with the company. 

Macro analysis : purpose, audience and reception 

dove and twitter working together is social media marketing 

  • this advert targets women of all ages as they easily get influenced both positively and negatively by social media. women post negative tweets about their beauty and physical appearance which affects their mindset when they are on or offline. like even in this ad, the negative comments like “I am ugly, gross, disgusting” made by women due to feelings of insecurity made by society values and lack of support. connecting with my global issue, the identities of most of the women are being created by how they are affected by society and power influential. for example someone with high power can mentally bully someone by criticising her physical appearance which can lead to change in her own identity due to lack of support and advice from no one. in addition to that in 2014, women posted 5 million negative tweets about beauty and body image. thus to change this reality, in 2015, Dove and Twitter worked together to inspire behavioural change and ignite a cultural shift in beauty conversation on social media by encouraging women everywhere to #speakbeautiful. 
  • as the negative words appear, the fonts becomes bigger and bigger with the number of likes and comments increasing as well. this shows that the person is growing hatred internally or hated by others for not being good and pretty enough. 

 

Micro analysis

  • the advert is medium shot and most of the time the background is blurred, focusing on the dialogues on the screen because those are the words that can change someone’s identity in a better or bad ways and it allows viewers to easily understand and feel them. 
  • the angle is eye level not only in this advert but in most of the Dove’s campaigns. this  puts the audience on the same level with what is being described on the screen as they may be facing a similar problem and they encourage them to be more confident and optimistic about their beauty  
  • the whole colour of the texts and background of the advert is the colour that shows the dove products are made up of and symbol of twitter on social media. (yellow/ gold colour, blue and white). both had flying birds as a symbol which shows peace, freedom, gentleness and purity. therefore the combination shows how one who is filled with hatred about her own appearance can free herself by getting support from Dove, 
  • women are the targeted audience by the advert thinking that women are the only ones who want to care about their skin and looks in the society but in reality, half the population of the men are also obsessed by their looks and how they can have real natural beauty. research has shown that more than 70% of Asian- American population which also includes men spend more time and money on their skin care around the world. 
  • at 0.17s, the advert is showing how one can change his/her perspective from being sad, lonely, misery, hate, insure to beautiful, happy, love and like which is clearly telling us that it is in our hands to whether to accept the external factors that is controlling your emotions and change your identity or let it go  and be who you are and creating your own happiness

literature-  Persepolis first published in French in 2000

context of the author

  • Marjane Satrapi was nine years old when the Islamic Revolution started in 1979 where they reintroduced a religious state in Iran. Her life changed dramatically under the new regime and they were downtrodden by Muslim Fundamentalist who took power. Marjane Satrapi, the author wrote Persepolis,  graphic novel based on how she spent her childhood in Iran and how she grew up living in another country. during her youth, she had to face different challenges and brutalities of various rules and religion and were forced to follow them and if didn’t follow, they were executed which led to change in their identities and self destruction. 

context of the text

  • the text was set between the years 1976 and 1994 which was also during the Iranian Revolution and it was really chaotic during that time. the people of the country  drastically changed from living as one of the western influenced citizens to a religiously oppressed people. 
  • I will be analysing page 213 as it connects more on my global issue about identity and my non-literature. The text shows how Marjane starts to feel insecure of her beauty and body image as she grows and especially in this text when she thought that her boyfriend was going to leave her

 

Macro analysis: purpose, audience and reception 

  • the text mainly focuses on how the identity and culture of Iranian were affected due to political and religious power and  at the same time society values as well which connects to my global issue again

target audience –  the author targets the younger generation and thus she writes in the genre of a graphic novel. Marjane wanted the new generations to understand how one should protect their own identity and culture and push away from all the external factors that are making them to change.  the novel was written in flashback and first point of view which shows the reality that the author had faced. on top of that more personal approach is used in order to convey the deep sorrows of war and how they lost their freedom. this brought them unhappiness and felt more or less like a real person in their own country

Micro analysis

  • the veil was a symbol of oppression, of the limitations imposed on the people. people were forced to wear it and thus it changed their identity but in this text, Marjane doesn’t wear it and it shows that she doesn’t want to follow another identity which is not hers. she risks her life but she is proud to be an Iranian. 
  • In Persepolis, one’s physical appearance becomes pivotal and the author also becomes really stressed by the way she looked because no one wanted her or ever loved her properly. this relates to non-literature text where I also talked about how women feel so insecure about their body image due to external factors and eventually it led to change in their identities and personalities. the same thing happened with the author as well. she starts commenting negative things about her body image and feels insecure when she thought that her boyfriend doesn’t want her anymore.  
  • shot : the first row is medium shot and it focuses on the characters interaction and we can also see characters emotional face clearly. here the angle is also eye level and it puts the audience on the same level as the character. in this text the character is reflecting on herself and commenting negative things which is exactly what happens in reality as well when you feel like no one wants you. 
  •  the second and third row is a long shot and it stresses the surrounding of the main character where a girl named Ingrid whom the main character is jealous of is shown. and Marjane feels insecure about her body image at the same time mad at her as clearly shown on 1st and 3rd Image of 2nd row. In the third row, it  is low angle making the male character seem more powerful than the main character. thus he is actually dragging her when she doesn’t want to go which seems like he is forcing her to do something that may lead to change in her identity because she is afraid that he might leave her. on the other hand, the low angle also gives the audience a sense that they are sharing the character’s perspective, so here the main character is not speaking but she is really thinking deep inside and looking up. 

conclusion 

  • to conclude, both the texts focuses on young teenagers especially women  easily feel insecure about themselves and this happens especially due to effects from external factors like social media, religious and governmental power which can change ones’ identity. thus there are showing support and encouraging them to be optimistic of their looks and protect our own identity because that shows who you are no matter what 

positive symbols 

  • cigarette- the symbol of growing up  and a larger symbol of her rebelling against the oppressive religious state, but also against her mother’s control. In the novel, Marjane is dealing with the constant fear of living in a country that watches everything, and that if she chooses to be herself she is risking losing her future or even her life. This constant worry about her future pushes her to make reckless choices like smoking. 
  • Bread Swan – The swan symbolises her uncle funding finding bright moments in the little things, despite a desperate situation. It shows that people can choose how they live their life no matter their experiences, you can choose to be angry or sad, or you can choose to be happy.
  • Marji’s bed is where she does a lot of her thinking within Persepolis. It symbolises her mind and her thoughts, because it is there we see her thought processes and her moments of change as she grows and matures. On the bed she creates her own world, a world she believes would be better. In some ways the bed also symbolises a better life for Marjane and her family.

 

question pattern example : how does the text connects to his or her global issue.? 

if there is not proper time management then ask the question on the texts where she spoke less.